869 research outputs found
Mindful Parenting, Parenting Cognitions, and Parent-Youth Communication: Bidirectional Linkages and Mediational Processes
Objectives: Mindful parenting and parenting cognitions likely have important linkages to each other and to parent-child communication, but these linkages have not been tested. In this article, we test the bidirectional linkages between mindful parenting and parenting cognitions (sense of competence, parent-centered attributions) and the underlying mediational processes that link them to parent-child communication (parental solicitation and youth disclosure). Methods: Longitudinal, autoregressive cross-lagged models were run within a longitudinal sample of rural and suburban early adolescents and their mothers (n = 421; mean adolescent age = 12.14, 46% male, 73% white). Results: Significant bidirectional linkages were found between mindful parenting and parenting cognitions across Time 1 and Time 2. Greater mindful parenting at Time 1 was associated with more positive parenting cognitions (e.g., greater perceptions of parental competence and fewer negative parent-centered attributions or self-blame) at Time 2. More positive parenting cognitions at Time 1 were also associated with greater levels of mindful parenting at Time 2. Mindful parenting at Time 2 mediated the association between parenting cognitions (both parent-centered attributions and sense of competence) at Time 1 and parental solicitation at Time 3. Conclusions: Mindful parenting and parenting cognitions influence each other over time. Parenting cognitions can affect parental solicitation via increases in mindful parenting. The discussion focuses on potential underlying processes
Talocrural Arthrodesis Increases Osteoarthritis Severity in Adjacent Joints:A Midterm Computed Tomography Follow-Up Study
Background: After talocrural arthrodesis, adjacent joints (subtalar, talonavicular, and calcaneocuboid) are often affected by osteoarthritis (OA)). It is unclear if OA is pre-existing to talocrural arthrodesis, or whether it develops after talocrural arthrodesis. This retrospective study is unique because it is the first study with preoperative and follow-up computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study is to investigate whether OA develops in adjacent joints after talocrural arthrodesis or if OA is already pre-existing. In addition, associations between degree of OA and patient-reported outcomes are investigated.Methods: Patients were selected from electronic files, and adjacent joint OA was assessed on preoperative CT and bilateral follow-up CT. Patient-reported outcomes were collected. Results: Twenty-three patients were included with an average follow-up time of 7 years (SD = 2). In participants without pre-existing OA, OA significantly progressed in all adjacent joints. In participants with pre-existing OA, OA progressed in the subtalar joint. Patient-reported outcomes were not correlated to OA. Conclusions: Osteoarthritis in the adjacent joints progresses after talocrural arthrodesis, especially in participants without pre-existing OA. The severity of OA is not related to patient-reported outcomes. Therefore, the clinical impact of the progression of OA seems to be limited. Level of Evidence: Level III: retrospective.</p
Numerical analysis of piled embankments on soft soils
The construction of embankments on soft soils is a common problem. Soft soil cannot sustain external loads without having large deformations. Piled embankments system provides a possible solution for the construction of roads and railways over soft soils. Until now, the system behaviour could only be described by analytical models such as those included in British or German codes. This paper describes research undertaken to investigate the effects of pile embankment construction in soft soils. Experimental results are used to help investigate arching effect developed due to differential settlement between pile and surrounding soft soil. A numerical parametric study was carried out to examine the impact of various soil parameters on the pile-embankment system behaviour. The outcome of the parametric study implemented using numerical analysis has been investigated and discussed throughout this paper. Based on the numerical analysis carried out in this research, it was found that the earth pressure coefficient normalized by the passive earth pressure Kp plotted on a vertical profile at the midpoint between piles can give a good illustration of arching behaviour. The findings presented in this paper can be considered as guides for numerical analysis and design criteria of soil arching for embankments constructed over piles
Non-perturbative Heavy Quark Effective Theory
We explain how to perform non-perturbative computations in HQET on the
lattice. In particular the problem of the subtraction of power-law divergences
is solved by a non-perturbative matching of HQET and QCD. As examples, we
present a full calculation of the mass of the b-quark in the combined static
and quenched approximation and outline an alternative way to obtain the B-meson
decay constant at lowest order. Since no excessively large lattices are
required, our strategy can also be applied including dynamical fermions.Comment: 27 pages including figures and tables, latex2e; version published in
JHEP, typos corrected and 1 reference adde
Selective oxidation of allylic alcohols over highly ordered Pd/meso-Al2 O3 catalysts
Highly ordered mesoporous alumina was prepared via evaporation induced self assembly and was impregnated to afford a family of Pd/meso-Al2O3 catalysts for the aerobic selective oxidation (selox) of allylic alcohols under mild reaction conditions. CO chemisorption and XPS identify the presence of highly dispersed (0.9–2 nm) nanoparticles comprising heavily oxidised PdO surfaces, evidencing a strong palladium-alumina interaction. Surface PdO is confirmed as the catalytically active phase responsible for allylic alcohol selox, with initial rates for Pd/meso-Al2O3 far exceeding those achievable for palladium over either amorphous alumina or mesoporous silica supports. Pd/meso-Al2O3 is exceptionally active for the atom efficient selox of diverse allylic alcohols, with activity inversely proportional to alcohol mass
Plasma Magnetosphere Formation Around Oscillating Magnetized Neutron Stars
The notion of death line of rotating pulsars is applied to model of
oscillating neutron stars. It is shown that the magnetosphere of typical
non-rotating oscillating stars may not contain secondary plasma to support the
generation of radio emission in the region of open field lines of plasma
magnetosphere.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc
Ammonia in a time of COVID-19. A submission of evidence to Defra/AQEG
A submission to the Air Quality Expert Group (AQEG), an expert committee of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) • Ammonia gas (NH3) is a priority pollutant both as a precursor to particulate matter and for ecosystem impacts. • Three scenarios for UK emission reductions during COVID-19 in emission sectors, where activity is likely reduced ,have been assessed. • Total UK emissions of NH3 are likely to have decreased slightly (~2%), which is within the uncertainty and meteorological variability of the UK atmosphere. • Urban background and urban on road and roadside emissions of NH3 are likely to have decreased, by as much as 30% and 90% respectively compared with usual emissions before COVID-19. • Unratified data from three of the five UK automatic NH3 analysers (Auchencorth Moss, Chilbolton Observatory, and Manchester OSCA Observatory) show typical springtime NH3 concentrations across the UK. •
Data from the non-automatic National Ammonia Monitoring Network will enable analysis at UK level in the months ahead. This includes roadside data from London Cromwell Rd. • Evidence gaps & future approaches are outlined. Future analysis of the Defra UKEAP rural networks proposed. • The key measurement gap is urban roadside NH3 (and PM ammonium) as there is only one long-term site in the UK measuring roadside NH3 concentrations. It is suggested that a roadside network of samplers and/or analysers are urgently put in place (perhaps aligned with the UK Urban NO2 Network; UUNN) to monitor NH3 at roadsides during and post COVID-19 lock down where possible
Pion Wavefunctions and Truncation Sensitivity of QCD Sum Rules
The systematic errors inherent in the QCD sum rule approach to meson
wavefunctions are examined in the context of QCD in 1+1 spacetime dimensions in
the large N limit where the theory is exactly solvable. It is shown that the
truncation of high momentum modes induced in a lattice discretization
automatically produces a Chernyak-Zhitnitsky \cite{CZ} type meson wavefunction.
Such a truncation alters the balance of leading and higher twist terms in
correlators. We find that the reliable extraction of (a few) higher moments is
possible provided a reasonably accurate uniform approximation to the Euclidean
correlator over a suitable range is available, but that the extracted
values are particularly sensitive to the balance of lower and higher twist
contributions. Underestimates of lower twist contributions or overestimates of
the highest twist term may lead to too high values for the second and fourth
moments of the pion wavefunction, suggesting a doubly peaked structure of the
Chernyak-Zhitnitsky type.Comment: 23 pages, Latex, 5 figures. One figure was missed in the first
versio
Recent advance in high manufacturing readiness level and high temperature CMOS mixed-signal integrated circuits on silicon carbide
A high manufacturing readiness level silicon carbide (SiC) CMOS technology is presented. The unique process flow enables the monolithic integration of pMOS and nMOS transistors with passive circuit elements capable of operation at temperatures of 300 °C and beyond. Critical to this functionality is the behaviour of the gate dielectric and data for high temperature capacitance–voltage measurements are reported for SiO2/4H-SiC (n and p type) MOS structures. In addition, a summary of the long term reliability for a range of structures including contact chains to both n-type and p-type SiC, as well as simple logic circuits is presented, showing function after 2000 h at 300 °C. Circuit data is also presented for the performance of digital logic devices, a 4 to 1 analogue multiplexer and a configurable timer operating over a wide temperature range. A high temperature micro-oven system has been utilised to enable the high temperature testing and stressing of units assembled in ceramic dual in line packages, including a high temperature small form-factor SiC based bridge leg power module prototype, operated for over 1000 h at 300 °C. The data presented show that SiC CMOS is a key enabling technology in high temperature integrated circuit design. In particular it provides the ability to realise sensor interface circuits capable of operating above 300 °C, accommodate shifts in key parameters enabling deployment in applications including automotive, aerospace and deep well drilling
Game Theoretical Interactions of Moving Agents
Game theory has been one of the most successful quantitative concepts to
describe social interactions, their strategical aspects, and outcomes. Among
the payoff matrix quantifying the result of a social interaction, the
interaction conditions have been varied, such as the number of repeated
interactions, the number of interaction partners, the possibility to punish
defective behavior etc. While an extension to spatial interactions has been
considered early on such as in the "game of life", recent studies have focussed
on effects of the structure of social interaction networks.
However, the possibility of individuals to move and, thereby, evade areas
with a high level of defection, and to seek areas with a high level of
cooperation, has not been fully explored so far. This contribution presents a
model combining game theoretical interactions with success-driven motion in
space, and studies the consequences that this may have for the degree of
cooperation and the spatio-temporal dynamics in the population. It is
demonstrated that the combination of game theoretical interactions with motion
gives rise to many self-organized behavioral patterns on an aggregate level,
which can explain a variety of empirically observed social behaviors
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